• Introduction Maintenance of genome integrity is essential fo

  2021-06-08

  

  Introduction Maintenance of genome integrity is essential for life, and faithful DNA replication and repair ensure this. One of the most important parameters for DNA maintenance is the regulation of optimal concentrations of the four 5′-deoxyribonucleoside-triphosphates (dNTPs) the precursors for D

• Our finding that one enzyme acts both

  2021-06-08

  

  Our finding that one enzyme acts both as a primase and a DNAP poses evolutionary and mechanistic questions. In particular, why do cellular organisms require two enzymes to fulfill de novo DNA synthesis? The inability of cellular replicases to perform as primases might be dictated by the challenges a

• In our recent study we established

  2021-06-08

  

  In our recent study, we established a procedure to examine the chromatin binding of XRCC4 using a biochemical fractionation analysis using a detergent Nonidet P-40 [22]. In this study, we investigated the role of LIG4 and its subdomains in the recruitment of XRCC4/LIG4 complex to chromatin. Mate

• We elucidated that the ten DGK isozymes have different relat

  2021-06-08

  

  We elucidated that the ten DGK isozymes have different relative 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities vs DGK activity under the same conditions. However, because the octylglucoside-mixed micellar assay was developed for DGK, it is not known whether the DGKs exhibit maximum 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities in this as

• Introduction Rotavirus RV a member of Reoviridae family

  2021-06-08

  

  Introduction Rotavirus (RV), a member of Reoviridae family, is a non-enveloped virus which has a double-stranded RNA genome of 11 segments surrounded by three concentric protein layers. It has been reported to cause estimated 25% of moderate-to-severe illnesses (Kotloff et al., 2013) and 30% of tot

• br Electron transfer pathway Intramolecular or

  2021-06-08

  

  Electron transfer pathway Intramolecular (or inter-domain) electron transfer (IET) in CDH has been studied in much depth [], and similar IET occurs in CcPDH, from the PQQ cofactor in the AA12 domain to the heme b in the AA8 domain. When two kinds of electron acceptors are used for measuring enzym

• br Data deposition The structure factor amplitudes and coord

  2021-06-08

  

  Data deposition: The structure factor amplitudes and coordinates of mIL34 and the mIL-34:mCSF-1R complex have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank, www.pdb.org, with accession codes 4EXN and 4EXP. Note added in proof The authors would like to inform the readers of two recent articles that are

• Autophagy is a dynamic process that primarily

  2021-06-08

  

  Autophagy is a dynamic process that primarily involves autophagosome formatting and lysosomal degradation, and these processes are controlled by autophagy-related genes (Atg) (Klionsky et al., 2012). The related protein SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1) importantly serves as a signalling director in sever

• Previous studies have demonstrated the role of the COMT Val

  2021-06-08

  

  Previous studies have demonstrated the role of the COMT Val158Met in response to positive and negative emotional stimuli (Bouhuys et al., 1999, Cohn et al., 2009), a fundamental process involved in well-being (Diener et al., 2009a, Diener et al., 1999, Gross and John, 2003). A handful of studies rep

• Significantly elevated levels of DNA damage

  2021-06-08

  

  Significantly elevated levels of DNA damage observed in peripheral blood of tea garden women workers indicate the occupational exposure. The same was observed in cholinesterase activities, which detected lower activity in the exposed group compared to non-exposed. Large volumes of pesticides are use

• br STAR Methods br Acknowledgments We thank members of

  2021-06-08

  

  STAR★Methods Acknowledgments We thank members of R.L. lab and F. Schweisguth for critical reading of the manuscript. We are also grateful to F. Janody, M. Miura, C. Bökel, H.D. Ryoo, G. Jiménez, the Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, the Drosophila Genetic Resource Center, the Vienna Drosoph

• br Experimental Procedures br Author Contributions br

  2021-06-07

  

  Experimental Procedures Author Contributions Acknowledgments Introduction Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies for women worldwide, representing approximately 22% of women’s malignancies that pose a threat to women’s health [[1], [2], [3], [4]]. The morbidity rate of brea

• br GRAIL family Gene related to anergy in lymphocytes protei

  2021-06-07

  

  GRAIL family Gene related to anergy in lymphocytes protein (GRAIL, encoded by Rnf128 gene) is a transmembrane RING-type E3 ligase involved in T cell anergy and tolerance, and also regulation of Dihydrotestosterone cytoskeletal organization [52]. This E3 was initially identified in CD4+ T helper

• br STAR Methods br Author Contributions br Acknowledgments T

  2021-06-07

  

  STAR★Methods Author Contributions Acknowledgments The authors thank Monika Kuhn for excellent technical assistance and Dr. Antje Schäfer for valuable scientific input. H.S. was supported by the DFG (FZ 82; Graduate School of Life Sciences and SCHI 425-6/1), and A.V.S. by Northwestern Univer

• br Introduction As a strong analgesic morphine is often used

  2021-06-07

  

  Introduction As a strong analgesic, morphine is often used to treat acute and chronic pain. However, morphine is a substance with low lipid solubility that slowly enters the nerve tissue through the blood–brain barrier and produces neurotoxicity. Morphine-induced neurotoxicity can be produced aft

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