• Redundancy of tumor promoting signaling pathways is one

  2021-04-07

  

  Redundancy of tumor promoting signaling pathways is one of the mechanisms that prevent a lasting effect of targeted therapies, as has been demonstrated by the growing number of alternative pathways that confer resistance to EGFR-targeted therapies [3]. We show here that CSF-1R can, at least partiall

• br Introduction Myotonic dystrophy dystrophia

  2021-04-07

  

  Introduction Myotonic dystrophy (dystrophia myotonica, DM) is an autosomal dominant disorder and the most common form of inherited muscular dystrophy in adults [1]. DM is characterised by a wide range of symptoms, including myotonia, progressive muscle loss, cataracts, cardiac conduction defects,

• br Estrogen receptors activate mGluR signaling pathways In o

  2021-04-07

  

  Estrogen receptors activate mGluR signaling pathways In order to distinguish the opposing effects of estradiol on CREB phosphorylation, we turned to a “bottom-up” approach, working backwards from CREB phosphorylation to pharmacologically isolate the two signaling pathways (Boulware et al., 2005).

• Although several genomic technologies including the generati

  2021-04-06

  

  Although several genomic technologies, including the generation of ERRγ-specific knockout mice, have revealed that ERRγ plays a pivotal role in cellular bioenergetics [1], its involvement in other metabolic pathways has been appreciated only recently. Therefore, we highlight recent findings on the r

• Our finding that VEGF A induced downregulation of EphB is

  2021-04-06

  

  Our finding that VEGF-A induced downregulation of EphB4 is VEGFR2 dependent (Fig. 4A) is not surprising because VEGFR2 is the primary signaling receptor of VEGF-A in EC [34]. However, our finding that VEGF-A induced upregulation of dll4 luciferin is not inhibited by VEGFR2 inhibition suggests that

• br Substrate Specificity Discrimination and Binding Energy I

  2021-04-06

  

  Substrate Specificity, Discrimination, and Binding Energy In PIK-III to catalytic efficiency, which can be gauged in reference to an absolute scale of ‘catalytic perfection’ 10, 11, specificity is a relative concept because it requires comparison between given alternative substrates. In fact, sp

• Altogether the results of this

  2021-04-06

  

  Altogether, the results of this study demonstrate that peripheral blockade of both ETA and ETB receptors reduces tumor-induced facial heat hyperalgesia and increased spontaneous grooming, without modifying ongoing nociception. It is possible to suggest that bosentan is acting upon both receptors pre

• br Experimental Procedures br Author Contributions br Acknow

  2021-04-06

  

  Experimental Procedures Author Contributions Acknowledgments Introduction Oxysterols came to prominence in the late 1970's with the oxysterol hypothesis which proposed that the suppressive effect of cholesterol on its own synthesis is mediated through oxysterols not by cholesterol itself

• The human MARCH family comprises eleven

  2021-04-06

  

  The human MARCH family comprises eleven members (termed MARCH-1 to 11), of which nine are transmembrane proteins. In this review, we focus on the role of the membrane-spanning MARCH proteins and how their transmembrane regions can mediate interactions with their target proteins. Therefore, the cytos

• br The related catalytic regions of

  2021-04-06

  

  The related catalytic regions of the human DNA ligases contain three domains, a DNA binding domain (DBD), a nucleotidyl transferase domain (NTase) and an oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-fold binding domain (OBD) (Ellenberger and Tomkinson, 2008). Similar to DNA ligase I, the DNA ligase III polypep

• Gene amplification PCR amplifications were performed using

  2021-04-06

  

  Gene amplification. PCR amplifications were performed using genomic DNA from the different organisms studied as template and two degenerate oligonucleotides (PP1 and PP2) as primersPP1 corresponded to the sense codons of the amino PXD 101 motif AGGI(A/S)EM, and PP2 to the antisense sequence of the

• CRF and urocortin I are not only

  2021-04-06

  

  CRF and urocortin I are not only readily found throughout the spinal cord (Korosi et al., 2007), CRF analogs are clearly able to alter nociceptive signals (Imbe et al., 2010; Lariviere and Melzack, 2000). However, it was unclear whether they are released endogenously and involved in the spinal modul

• To the best of our

  2021-04-06

  

  To the best of our knowledge, this study was the first to demonstrate in vitro and in vivo that the lipolytic effect of kinsenoside results from coordination between PKA and AMPK pathways. We validated the lipolytic effect of kinsenoside in vivo and the effect of PKA activation on the modulating AMP

• br Acknowledgements This work was supported

  2021-04-06

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by the European Committee Fifth Framework Project QLK5-1999-01360. We are grateful to Dr. T.T. Hoang for the provision of plasmids pEX18Tc, pPS858 and pFLP2, Prof. B.L. Wanner for providing us with the plasmid pKD4 and related strains, and Prof. P. Soucail

• Since protein kinase CK has over known substrates we

  2021-04-02

  

  Since protein kinase CK2 has over 300 known substrates we examined if the inhibitory effects described above could also be detected using another substrate. Therefore, we employed the synthetic peptide RRRADDSDDDDD which is often used in CK2 inhibitory studies. Quite contrary to the phosphorylation

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