• A prominent example of such enzyme is the proteasome

  2020-10-09

  

  A prominent example of such enzyme is the proteasome, a highly promising target not only in cancer, but also in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Circulating proteasomes and respective anti-proteasome autoantibodies were detected in serum samples from patients with autoimmune diseases such as mu

• The component E of PDHc PDHc E catalyzes

  2020-10-09

  

  The component E1 of PDHc (PDHc-E1) catalyzes the first step of multistep processes, using thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) and Mg2+ as cofactors.15, 16 Especially, this PDHc-E1 catalyzed process is a rate limiting step among multistep processes. Accordingly, the PDHc should be inactive by inhibiting the

• Metformin br General Characteristics of the Type II Dehydrog

  2020-10-08

  

  General Characteristics of the Type II Dehydrogenases Alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenases conduct the reaction of the rotenone-insensitive oxidation of cytosolic and mitochondrial matrix NADH and/or NADPH (Fig. 1) (Melo et al., 2004, Rasmusson et al., 2004, Rasmusson et al., 2008). They catalyze t

• For a physiologically relevant interaction ligand and recept

  2020-10-08

  

  For a physiologically relevant interaction, ligand and receptor have to be expressed in the same place. Collagen II is found primarily in cartilage. DDR2 is expressed in proliferating chondrocytes in vivo, and its staining pattern in tibial growth plates is similar to that of collagen II. In additio

• br Acknowledgements br Membrane bound proton translocating i

  2020-10-08

  

  Acknowledgements Membrane-bound proton-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatases (H-PPase; EC 3.6.1.1) belong to a recently identified category of proton pumps, distinct from F-, P-, and V-ATPases, which utilize pyrophosphate hydrolysis as the driving force for H movement across biological membr

• br Results and discussion A

  2020-10-08

  

  Results and discussion A systematic search for genes encoding H+-PPases was carried out by PCR using genomic DNA from a wide range of protozoa as templates and degenerate oligonucleotides, designed from amino 821 domains conserved in H+-PPases of higher plants and the proteobacterium R. rubrum,

• The three dimensional crystal structure of Ca loaded CaM rev

  2020-10-08

  

  The three-dimensional crystal structure of Ca2+ loaded CaM reveals a dumbbell-shaped molecule with two roughly globular lobes, the N- and C-terminal lobes linked by a long solvent-exposed helix, which has been shown by NMR to be non-helical in its central part and flexible in solution [13]. Each glo

• Some studies have been conducted on the

  2020-10-08

  

  Some studies have been conducted on the activities of CYP450 [[28], [29], [30], [31]]. For example, Chen et al. reported that low-dose aspirin induced the in vivo activity of CYP2C19 in healthy subjects [30], Krasniqi et al. reported that CYP2C8*3 and CYP2C9*2*3 variants correlated with ibuprofen-in

• Soluble receptors have been shown to be important and

  2020-10-08

  

  Soluble receptors have been shown to be important and common regulators of many cytokines within the immune system, including IL-1, IL-6, IFNγ, TNF-α, GM-CSF, G-CSF and others (Fernandez-Botran, 1991, Heaney, Golde, 1998). We previously described a novel soluble receptor, sCSF-1R, that to date has o

• The pharmacokinetics properties of compound

  2020-10-08

  

  The pharmacokinetics properties of compound were evaluated in male Sprague Dawley rats following IV (0.7mg/kg) and oral (2.0mg/kg) dosing. The total body clearance and the terminal half-life were 0.73 L/h/kg and 5.1h, respectively. After oral administration the compound showed good bioavailability

• br Results br Discussion br

  2020-10-08

  

  Results Discussion Conclusions The present study demonstrates that CRF1 receptor-deficiency prolongs whereas CRF2 receptor-deficiency shortens the duration of recognition memory deficits induced by morphine discontinuation, unraveling opposite roles for the two known CRF receptor subtypes i

• br Material and methods br Results

  2020-10-08

  

  Material and methods Results Discussion Conclusions To conclude, although CPT2 and CPT1 must have co-evolved to establish the carnitine shuttling, these enzymes are the most distantly related carnitine transferases, split early in evolution, during which a switch occurred in their locati

• Sterol regulatory element binding proteins SREBPs regulate t

  2020-10-08

  

  Sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) regulate transcription of genes involved in fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor synthesis [38] (fatty acid synthase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase) as well as triglyceride synthesis [39]. SREBP-1 protein levels are reduced in 3T3-F442A adipocytes

• Since its inception ADEPT approach

  2020-10-08

  

  Since its inception, ADEPT approach has been widely reported by many groups using a variety of enzymes and prodrugs (see reviews) [12], [14]. Both mammalian and non-mammalian enzymes have been utilised. Of the mammalian variety, human β-glucuronidase in combination with many prodrugs [17], [18] and

• Table shows the comparison results of error

  2020-10-08

  

  Table 2 shows the comparison results of error detection rate of each software-based CFC technique. Each version of benchmark is injected 10000 errors. Even though the injected errors are randomized in spite of their classifications, the large number of injected errors guarantees that all types of CF

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